I. EARLY COMPLEX SOCIETIES - INDUS SEAL DEPICTING DEITY, PAKISTAN (c. 2200 BCE)
Indus seal depicting deity, Pakistan (c. 2200 BCE)
This seal depicts a male deity in a meditation pose, often presumed to be the earliest existing depiction of the great Hindu god Shiva.
("Square Seal." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image.
https://dailylife2.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1502429?terms=%22Square+Seal%22&sTypeId=2
EARLY COMPLEX SOCIETIES
*(c. 2170 BCE) ‘The Satire of the Trades,’ story on the profession of scribes, Egypt
Description: An Egyptian story found in several papyri manuscripts telling of a father persuading his son of the advantages of a career as a scribe as he sails down the Nile with him to his new school; in the process he compares the profession with several other occupations that would be far more arduous for his son.
User notes: extract introduced with ‘Keep in Mind as you Read’ and suggested questions and topics to consider; it also has an ‘Aftermath’ section on the scribal profession.
Citation: "The Advantages of the Scribal Profession." In Voices of Ancient Egypt: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life, edited by Rosalie David, 59-62. Voices of an Era. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2014. Gale Books. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX6142300028/GVRL?u=moor85003&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=af472703.
*(c. 1991 - 1786 BCE) ‘The Story of the Eloquent Peasant,’ Egypt
Description: An Egyptian tale found in several papyri manuscripts narrating the adventures of a peasant who is wronged but eventually receives justice due to his persistence and persuasive ability.
User notes: extract introduced with ‘Keep in Mind as you Read’ and suggested questions and topics to consider; it also has an ‘Aftermath’ section on the Egyptian legal system.
Citation: "Justice for Everyone." In Voices of Ancient Egypt: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life, edited by Rosalie David, 43-46. Voices of an Era. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2014. Gale eBooks. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX6142300024/GVRL?u=moor85003&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=ae1ecb09.
Origin of source: Gardiner, A. H. “The Eloquent Peasant.” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 9 (1923): 5–25.
*(1479 - 1458 BCE) Hatshepsut, divine birth and coronation inscriptions, Egypt
Description:
Inscriptions from temples of the reign of Queen Hatshepsut, pharoah during the Egyptian New Kingdom, describing her mother’s impregnation by the god Amon and thus the legitimacy of Hatshepsut’s rule as the child of that union.
User notes: Primary inscriptions as well as comprehensive explanation and analysis by T. Musacchio.
Citation: "Divine Birth and Coronation Inscriptions of Hatshepsut: The Full Text." Edited by Brian Bonhomme & Cathleen Boivin. Milestone Documents in World History. Salem, 2010. Online-salempress-com.
*(1259 BCE) Ramses II and Hattusili, Egyptian-Hittite Peace Treaty
Description: Perhaps the first peace treaty between equal powers in world history the source includes later copies of both the Egyptian and the Hittite versions of the settlement, covering clauses on non-aggression, mutual protection, and the return of fugitives.
User notes: Primary inscriptions along with comprehensive explanation and analysis by Peter J. Brand.
Citation: “Egyptian-Hittite Peace Treaty: The Full Text.” Edited by Brian Bonhomme & Cathleen Boivin. Milestone Documents in World History. Salem, 2010. Online.salempress.com.
*(c. 1000 BCE) Middle Assyrian laws, northern Iraq
Description: A collection of laws found on 15 or so cuneiform tablets written in Akkadian and found in ancient Assur. They appear to be copies of laws from three or more centuries earlier and cover many topics including blasphemy, theft, homicide, and agriculture, and are especially detailed on laws concerning women.
User notes: Primary inscriptions along with comprehensive explanation and analysis by Mark Chavalas.
Citation: “Middle Assyrian Laws: The Full Text.” Edited by Brian Bonhomme & Cathleen Boivin. Milestone Documents in World History. Salem, 2010. Online.salempress.com.
*(c. 3300 - 2800 BCE) Excavation of trench at Harappa, photograph, Pakistan
Description: This photo looks up from the bottom of Trench 39S to show habitation levels in Harappa spanning over 500 years from approximately 3300 BCE at the bottom to 2800 BCE at the top.
Citation: "Excavation of Trench 39S at Harappa." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502430.
Origin of source: Harappa Archaeological Research Project, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2600 BCE) Kot Dijian pottery marks, Pakistan
Description: These symbols made on the bottom of Harappan terracotta vessels were probably made by potters during the Kot Dijian Period in northern India and are precursors to the later Indus writing.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Potters' Marks, Kot Dijian Period." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502419.
Origin of source: Harappa Archaeological Research Project, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2600 – 1900 BCE) Textile impression on bead from Harappa, Pakistan
Description: This photograph shows the impression of cloth on a clay bead, illustrating the sophistication of the Harappan cloth industry.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Textile Impression on Toy Bead." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502432.
Origin of source: Harappa Archaeological Research Project, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2500-2200 BCE) Indus Valley script on seal, Pakistan
Description: Photograph of an Harappan seal focused on the four characters along its top.
Citation: "Indus Valley Civilization Script (Detail)." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502425.
*(c. 2500-2200 BCE) Harappan cart figurine, Pakistan
Description: This shows a miniature terracotta figurine of an ox- or water buffalo-drawn cart with driver, similar to carts drawn by oxen or water buffalo today in South Asia.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Ox- or Water Buffalo-Drawn Cart with Driver." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502417.
Origin of source: Sharri R. Clark and Laura J. Miller, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2500-2200 BCE) Well at Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Description: This image shows one of the many wells built attached to private houses in the Indus city of Mohenjo-Daro.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Well at Mohenjo-Daro." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502414.
Origin of source: J. M. Kenoyer, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*( c. 2500-2200 BCE) Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Description: This photograph shows the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro, demonstrating its layout and construction clearly.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502408.
Origin of source: J. M. Kenoyer, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2450 - 2200 BCE) Unicorn seal from Harappa, Pakistan
Description: This photograph shows the imprint into clay of a steatite seal from Harappa with Indus script above a one-horned oxen.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Unicorn Seal from Harrapa." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502433.
Origin of source: Harappa Archaeological Research Project, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2400 BCE) Warehouse at Lothal, India
Description: The image shows the remains of a warehouse at Lothal, one of the cities of the Indus peoples.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Warehouse at Lothal." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502399.
Origin of source: Bernard Gagnon.
*(c. 2300-2200 BCE) Brick wall at Harappa, Pakistan
Description: The photo shows a massive baked-brick wall at the site of Harappa, demonstrating the sophisticated engineering of the Indus peoples.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Harappan Baked-Brick Wall." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502423.
Origin of source: Ute Franke-Vogt.
*(c. 2200 BCE) Indus seal depicting deity, Pakistan
Description: This seal depicts a male deity in a meditation pose, often presumed to be the earliest existing depiction of the great Hindu god Shiva.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Square Seal." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502429.
Origin of source: J. M. Kenoyer, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2200 BCE) Necklace from Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Description: This elaborate necklace made with semi-precious stones adorned and connected with gold suggests the wealth and position of at least some women in the Indus peoples.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Necklace from Mohenjo-Daro." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502411.
Origin of source: Harappa Archaeological Research Project, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2200 BCE) Small statue of seated man, Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Description: This limestone statuette is of a seated male figure with his head missing but showing a cloak and other details. There is no shared understanding of who it might depict from the city or life of Mohenjo-Daro.
User notes: photograph with brief description.
Citation: "Mohenjo-Daro Seated Limestone Figure." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502413.
Origin of source: J. M. Kenoyer, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
* (c. 2200 BCE) Seal showing religious scene, Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Description: This seal shows an elaborately-dressed male god in a tree overlooking a religious ritual occurring before him including a kneeling worshiper, a ram, a procession of figures, and apparently a human head on a stool.
User notes: photograph with brief description.
Citation: "Mohenjo-Daro Seal." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502412.
Origin of source: J. M. Kenoyer, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 2200 BCE) Seal with rhinoceros, Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan
Description: This seal clearly shows a rhinoceros, complete with horn and tail, along with four Indus characters above it.
User notes: photograph with brief title.
Citation: "Mohenjo-Daro Rhinoceros Seal." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. Image. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1502424.
Origin of source: J. M. Kenoyer, courtesy of the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.
*(c. 1500-1200 BCE) The Rigveda: selected hymns
Description: The Rigveda of ancient India contains more than 1,000 hymns to the gods. The three gods addressed in these selections include some of the most important: Agni, the god of fire and the priest of the gods; Indra, a warrior god; and Varuna, a sky god concerned with order and justice.
User notes: Document with brief introduction
Citation: "Rigveda Hymns (Ca. 1500–1200 BCE)." In Daily Life through History, ABC-CLIO, 2021. https://dailylife2-abc-clio-com.proxymc.vcccd.edu/Search/Display/1425889.
Origin of source: Hymns of the Rig-Veda. Translated by R. T. H. Griffith. London, 1889; reprint, Varanasi, India: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1963.
(Paleolithic Period) Cave drawing with child’s finger flutings, France
Description: This shows the finger marks of a child believed to be around four or five years old on the cave walls at Rouffignac, along with the marks of at least two other children.
User notes: The drawing has an ‘Annotation’ introducing it; there is also an ‘Overview’ introducing all the module’s sources on children as well as an ‘Essay’ and ‘Teaching Strategies’ that offer detailed help on how to present them to students (available from document link).
Citation: "Paleolithic Finger Flutings Cave Drawing." In World History Commons, 2021. Image. https://worldhistorycommons.org/paleolithic-finger-flutings-cave-drawing.
Origin of source: Leslie Van Gelder, photographer.