Skip to Main Content

Fake News

This guide provides research tools and resources to evaluate websites, identify fake news and understand bias.

Definition of Terms

Misinformation is defined as "false information that is spread, regardless of whether there is intent to mislead." (Dictionary.com) Read the full article by Clair Wardle in Columbia Journalism Review, Nov. 18, 2016 on the six types of misinformation (1. Authentic material used in the wrong context, 2. Imposter news sites designed to look like brands we already know, 3. Fake news sites, 4. Fake information, 5. Manipulated content,  6. Parody content)

Disinformation is "deliberately misleading or biased information; manipulated narrative or facts; propaganda" (Dictionary.com)

Fake News is “demonstrably false information that is being presented as a factual news report with the intention to deceive the public.” (Pen America) Dictionary.com defines fake news as "false news stories, often of a sensational nature, created to be widely shared or distributed for the purpose of generating revenue, or promoting or discrediting a public figure, political movement, company, etc."

Deepfake "generally refers to videos in which the face and/or voice of a person, usually a public figure, has been manipulated using artificial intelligence software in a way that makes the altered video look authentic." (Dictionary.com) Read the article What ‘deepfakes’ are and how they may be dangerous by Grace Shao, Oct. 13, 2019. Check the library's databases for additional articles on "deepfakes." 

Clickbait:  "Something (such as a headline) designed to make readers want to click on a hyperlink especially when the link leads to content of dubious value or interest " (Merriam-Webster